Sexually transmitted diseases: Recognize, understand, act

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a serious health issue that is often taboo. Every person who is sexually active is potentially affected, making a deep understanding of these diseases essential.

Knowledge about common STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea and herpes genital herpes can help to reduce the risk of infection and contain the spread. Prevention and education play a key role in preventing the spread of these diseases.

In this article, we will take a closer look at the different types of STIs, their symptoms, treatments and effective prevention strategies. Together, we can raise awareness of STIs and thus promote sexual health.

Introduction to sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that are spread through sexual contact. They can be caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. Common STIs are Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and herpes.

Important facts about STIs:

• Transmission: Mainly through vaginal, anal or oral sex.
• Symptoms: Some STIs show symptoms such as a burning sensation when urinating or unusual discharge, others are asymptomatic.
• Prevention: The use of condoms can reduce the risk of infection.
• Treatment: Many STIs are treatable with antibiotics or antiviral drugs, regular testing is important.

Early diagnosis is crucial. Regular visits to the doctor and responsible behavior can help prevent the spread of STIs. Watch out for changes and seek medical advice if necessary.

Common sexually transmitted diseases

Sexually transmitted infections are infections that are passed on through intimate physical contact. They are widespread and affect people worldwide. Modern medicine makes it possible to treat many of these infections, but prevention remains the best protection. Here are some of the most common STIs:

Chlamydia

Chlamydia is caused by bacteria. Many infected people do not notice any symptoms, which makes it easier to spread. If symptoms do occur, they are often a burning sensation when urinating or unusual discharge. Treatment is with antibiotics.

Gonorrhea

Gonorrheaalso known as "gonorrhea", is also caused by bacteria. Symptoms are often painful urination and purulent discharge. This infection requires immediate antibiotic treatment to avoid long-term consequences.

Genital herpes

Genital herpes is caused by viruses and leads to painful blisters and ulcers in the genital area. There is no cure for this infection, but antiviral medication can alleviate the symptoms and make outbreaks less frequent.

Other relevant STIs

STIs are infections that are transmitted through sexual contact. In addition to the frequently known diseases such as syphilis, chlamydia and gonorrhea there are other relevant sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These include, among others Hepatitis B, hepatitis C and monkeypox (Mpox). These diseases can cause serious health problems if they are not treated.

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver. It is transmitted through contact with infected blood or body fluids. Symptoms can be flu-like, including tiredness, fever and joint pain. A vaccination against hepatitis B is available and is often recommended to prevent infection.

Important facts about Hepatitis B:

• Transmission route: blood and body fluids
• Symptoms: Fatigue, fever, joint pain
• Prevention: Vaccination

Hepatitis C

How to Hepatitis B is also hepatitis C is a liver infection caused by a virus. The primary route of transmission is contact with infected blood. Many people are unaware of their infection as the symptoms are often unspecific or absent. There is no vaccination against hepatitis Cbut the disease can be treated with medication.

Important facts about Hepatitis C:

• Transmission route: contact with infected blood
• Symptoms: Often unspecific or absent
• Treatment: Medications available

Symptoms and diagnosis

The symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be varied. They are often mild and easily overlooked. Early diagnosis is important to avoid complications and get the right treatment.

Typical symptoms of STIs

Here are some common symptoms to look out for:

• Pain or burning when urinating
• Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina
• Sores, blisters or warts in the genital area
• Itching in the genital area
• Pain in the lower abdomen
• Fever or general malaise

Not all STIs show symptoms. Sometimes people can be infected without knowing it.

Diagnostic techniques

Doctors use various methods to accurately diagnose STIs. Here are some common techniques:

1. Blood testA simple laboratory test that checks for certain viruses and bacteria.
2. Urine test: Helps in the detection of bacterial infections such as chlamydia and gonorrhea.
3. Smear testA smear from infected areas is examined for bacteria or viruses.
4. Physical examination: Doctors check for visible symptoms such as rashes or sores.

The choice of diagnostic technique often depends on the symptoms experienced and the suspicion of a specific STI. Regular testing is important, especially if you are sexually active.

Treatment options for STIs

STIs, also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), require specific treatments. Different STIs require different treatment approaches. Here are some primary treatment options:

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are often used to treat bacterial STIs. These include diseases such as chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis. These drugs kill bacteria or inhibit their multiplication. An important point: it is crucial to complete the entire course of antibiotics, even if the symptoms disappear. Interruptions can lead to the development of resistance.

Antiviral medication

Antiviral medication is used for viral infections. Herpes and HIV are well-known examples of STIs that are treated with antiviral drugs. These drugs cannot cure the disease, but they help to reduce the viral load and control the symptoms. This reduces the risk of passing the infection on to others.

Vaccinations

Some STIs can be prevented by vaccination. The best known is the HPV vaccine, which protects against certain strains of the human papillomavirus. HPV can cause genital warts and is linked to cervical cancer. The hepatitis B vaccine is also important as it protects against another sexually transmitted viral infection.

In summary, there are specific treatment and prevention methods for each STI. Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term damage and stop the spread.

Infection and risk factors

Routes of transmission

STDs, also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are usually spread through direct skin-to-skin contact or bodily fluids. These include sexual intercourse, oral and anal sex. Some STIs can also be transmitted through infected syringes.

High-risk behaviors

Certain habits increase the likelihood of infection with STIs.

List of high-risk behaviors:

• Careless sexual intercourse
• Multiple sexual partners
• Irregular use of condoms
• Drug use that can lead to careless behavior

Table: Sexually transmitted diseases and their transmission routes

It is important to be aware of these risks and to protect yourself accordingly. Regular testing and the use of condoms can reduce the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.

Transmission routes

STDs, also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), can be transmitted in various ways.

Main transmission routes:

1. Sexual contact:
2. • Vaginal
   • Anal
   • Oral
2. Blood contact:
3. • Sharing needles
   • Blood transfusions (rare in countries with strict monitoring)
3. Mother to child:
4. • During birth
   • Through breastfeeding

Prevention tips:

• Use of condomsReduces the risk.
• Regular tests: Especially with changing partners.
• Personal hygiene: Use your own accessories to avoid infection.

A conscious and informed approach to relationships and health care can help to reduce the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases. An open discussion with your partner about your health status is also important.

Prevention of STIs

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) should be taken seriously. Prevention is the best protection. This includes various strategies and measures that reduce the risk of infection.

Safer sex practices

Safer sex means taking measures to reduce the risk of transmission. These include

• The use of condomsto avoid direct contact with body fluids.
• Refraining from exchanging sex toys or cleaning them before passing them on.
• Partnerships in which both partners are tested and faithful.

Use of barrier methods

Barrier methods are crucial in protecting against STIs. The most common methods include:

• Condoms: These are available for men and women and offer protection against many STIs.
• Femidoms: An alternative to condomswhich are worn by the woman.
• Dental dams: Thin latex or plastic sheets that are used during oral sex.

These barrier methods work by providing physical protection between partners.

Education and awareness

Education is the key to prevention. Creating awareness helps to understand risks and take action.

• Schools: Sex education should be comprehensive and age-appropriate.
• Campaigns: Public health campaigns raise awareness and provide information.
• Individual advice: Doctors should inform patients about risks and measures.

Understanding and knowledge are the first steps to preventing STIs. This not only protects individuals, but also the community. Take action to protect yourself and others.

The importance of regular check-ups

Regular examinations for sexually transmitted diseases are important for your health. They help to detect infections at an early stage. In this way, complications can be avoided. It also protects your partner.

Who should be tested?

Not everyone is at the same risk. But some groups should be tested more often:

• People with changing sexual partners
• People who have had unprotected sex
• People who HIV-positive are
• Pregnant women or those who want to become pregnant

Frequency of tests

How often you should be tested depends on your individual risks:

• Once a year: Recommended for sexually active people with no particular risk.
• Every 3 to 6 months: For people at high risk, e.g. with frequently changing partners.

Regular testing is a simple step for your health. Talk to a doctor about the right frequency for you.

Dealing with an STI diagnosis

An STI can be stressful. How you deal with it is important. Here are some steps that can help:

• Keep calmA diagnosis is often worrying. But panic does not help.
• Keep informedUnderstand the disease. Knowledge about it can reduce anxiety.
• Seek treatmentFollow medical advice and make appointments promptly.
• Take protective measures: Inform your partner. Set condoms to avoid infection.
• Talk openlyHonest conversations with partners and friends help to deal with the situation.

Remember: an STI is treatable. Focus on recovery and avoiding further infections.

Source: istockphoto  Pornpak Khunatorn