Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus. It belongs to the smallpox virus family and was first identified in monkeys in 1958. Although the name refers to monkeys, the virus is also found in rodents and humans. Infections in humans can lead to flu-like symptoms followed by a characteristic skin rashwhich blisters and eventually becomes encrusted. Mpox is most prevalent in certain regions of Africa, but in recent years has also gained importance outside these areas, particularly through travelers and global health movements. The disease is transmitted through direct contact with infected people or contaminated materials. Given the global trend, it is important to be aware of Mpox and its symptoms, transmission routes and prevention measures.
Mpox, also known as monkeypox, is an infectious disease caused by the orthopox virus that is transmitted by zoonosis between animals and humans. The disease was first discovered in the 1970s and occurs mainly in Central and West African regions, but can also occur in other parts of the world.
Although Mpox is often milder than classic smallpox, more severe courses of the disease can occur in risk groups, such as immunized persons. Typical symptoms are fever, Swelling of the lymph nodes and a characteristic skin rashwhich blisters forms. Fatalities are rare, but cannot be ruled out.
Vaccination against Mpox can significantly reduce the risk of an outbreak and mitigate the course of the disease in the event of infection. Vaccination not only protects the individual, but also the community, as it helps to contain the spread of the virus. Timely vaccination is therefore crucial for protecting the health of the population.
The Public Health Emergency International Context (PHEIC) was established in 2005 by the WHO with the aim of promoting international cooperation in the fight against epidemics. Since then, several PHEICs have been declared, including the outbreak of influenza H1N1 in 2009, the Ebola epidemic in West Africa (2014-2016), the Zika virus (2016) and the Covid-19 pandemic (2020). In 2022, the Mpox epidemic was added, which was caused by the Monkeypox virus and attracted worldwide attention.
The WHO itself does not gain any political power or control over the countries. Rather, its role is to act as an alarm to draw attention to health emergencies and promote a coordinated approach to combating disease. The WHO is therefore an important instrument for strengthening international cooperation in the field of health, without interfering with the freedom of sovereign states to make their own decisions.
Mpox, formerly known as simian pox, is a viral disease caused by the Mpox virus. It belongs to the Poxviridae family and is mainly transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or humans. The disease often manifests itself through fever, headache and a characteristic skin rashwhich can cause pustules. Recently, the epidemiology of Mpox has gained prominence as outbreaks have occurred in various parts of the world, particularly in West and Central Africa. While cases have been relatively rare in the past, recent developments show that Mpox is also occurring in non-endemic regions, raising global health concerns. Understanding the epidemiology of Mpox is crucial for the development of prevention and control strategies to contain the further spread of the disease.
The global spread of monkeypox (Mpox) has increased significantly in recent years, with epidemiologic studies such as those by Thornhill et al. and Bunge et al. providing important insights. Initially, most cases were documented in African endemic areas, but the pattern has changed so that autochthonous transmissions are increasingly being observed in non-endemic countries. In Germany, the first autochthonous cases independent of previous travelers have been recorded, indicating a worrying change in transmission patterns.
The clinical features of monkeypox range from flu-like symptoms to characteristic skin rasheswhich require a differentiated diagnosis. Transmission occurs mainly through direct skin contact and possibly also through droplet infection. This highlights the need for increased public health monitoring and targeted education to contain the spread of monkeypox and understand the shift from travel-based to autochthonous cases.
Recent outbreaks of monkeypox (Mpox) show a worrying increase in autochthonous transmission, particularly in non-endemic countries. Studies such as those by Thornhill et al. and Girometti et al. document epidemiologic trends indicating a change in spread, with many infected individuals in close contact networks.
Clinical features include fever, skin rashes and lymphadenopathy, with symptoms often being mild but in some cases more severe. The shift from travel-associated to autochthonous cases highlights the need for targeted prevention measures to protect vulnerable groups, particularly men, who sex men who have sex with men.
In response to these trends, health authorities are implementing education campaigns, testing and vaccination strategies to contain the spread of infection. Ongoing surveillance of epidemiological patterns is crucial to prevent and control future outbreaks in a timely manner.
The transmission dynamics of monkeypox (Mpox) occur through both human-to-human and animal-to-human transmission. In human-to-human transmission, contact infections and droplet infections play a central role. Transmission can occur through direct skin contact with infected persons or via contaminated objects, such as clothing or bedding.
In addition, small droplets that are released when speaking or coughing can pass on the virus. Infectiousness is particularly pronounced during the symptom phase when skin rashes and other symptoms appear. However, there is also a risk of transmission before symptoms appear, as infected people may already be contagious without realizing it.
The incubation period for monkeypox usually varies between 5 and 21 days, making it difficult to determine exact sources of infection. To prevent spread, it is important to understand the different transmission routes and take appropriate preventative measures.
Seamless transmission of monkeypox (Mpox) occurs through various transmission routes, including both human-to-animal and human-to-human contact. Monkeypox viruses can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals, their body fluids or skin lesions. The virus can also be transmitted through smear infection, for example via contaminated surfaces, as well as through droplet infection when speaking or coughing between people.
It is important that the virus has also been detected in semen, which implies additional transmission routes. Vertical transmission during pregnancy is also possible, whereby the virus can be transmitted from the mother to the unborn child. This poses an increased risk for pregnant women.
Transmission through asymptomatic people is particularly challenging, as they can also pass on the virus without showing symptoms themselves. The transmission routes of monkeypox are therefore complex and require special attention in order to prevent the spread.
Mpox, also known as monkeypox, has gained in importance since the first cases in Austria in May 2022. There has been an increase in infections worldwide, with Africa in particular affected by renewed outbreaks since 2023. This development prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a public health emergency on 14 August 2024.
The current risk to the European general population is considered moderate, with sporadic clade I cases occurring in Europe. These cases underline the need to consult medical professionals immediately if symptoms occur.
It is crucial to closely monitor Mpox outbreaks and take timely action to prevent further spread of the virus.
Mpox, also known as monkeypox, is a viral infection that causes symptoms such as fever, headaches, Muscle pain and a characteristic skin rash rash. This rash often develops into blister-like lesions that can be painful.
To prevent Mpox, it is important to take good hygiene practices including frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with sick people. At-risk groups and contacts of infected people should find out about vaccination services. Vaccination can help to reduce the risk of infection and mitigate the course of the disease.
Education about the symptoms of Mpox and the importance of preventative measures are crucial in preventing the spread of the disease. Through careful handling of hygiene measures and avoiding direct contact with infected people, together we can help contain the spread of monkeypox.
The name "monkeypox" has been changed to "Mpox" to avoid racism and stigmatization. On November 28, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that diseases and their names should be chosen sensitively to avoid negative cultural associations and discrimination. This recommendation aims to promote respectful and scientifically sound communication.
The Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection (BMSGPK) supports this initiative and is carrying out the renaming during a transitional phase. The new name Mpox (monkeypox) is used to reduce sensitivity to the associated racist and stigmatizing connotations.
By using Mpox, we are helping to create a more respectful and inclusive awareness of the disease.
Mpox, also known as monkeypox, is a viral infection caused by the Mpox virus. This disease is a notifiable viral infection and in some cases can have serious health consequences.
The symptoms of Mpox typically appear within one to three weeks of infection and include fever, skin rashes and swollen lymph nodes. The symptoms usually subside after a few weeks and most people make a full recovery.
Particularly vulnerable risk groups are newborns, pregnant women and immunocompromised people. These groups are exposed to a higher risk of severe disease progression, which is why special precautions are required to avoid infection.
It is important to recognize the symptoms of Mpox early and seek appropriate medical help to prevent the spread of the virus and avoid risky complications.
Mpox, also known as monkeypox, is mainly transmitted through direct contact. This happens in particular through contact with skin rashes or blisters of an infected person. Common transmission routes include touching these lesions or using personal items such as towels or bed linen that are contaminated with the virus.
Another transmission route is droplet infection, which occurs when infected persons cough or sneeze. Small droplets can enter the respiratory tract of another person. People who have close contact with a risk of infection are particularly at risk, as is often the case with sexual activities is the case. Contact with infected areas of skin during such intimacy can significantly increase the risk of transmission.
It is important to emphasize that the contents of the vesicles that occur with Mpox are highly contagious. Therefore, precautions should be taken to avoid transmission, especially in situations involving close physical contact.
Mpox, also known as monkeypox, causes a number of characteristic symptoms. The incubation period is usually 7 to 14 days, but can vary from 5 to 21 days. The initial general symptoms of the disease include fever, headache, Muscle and back pain and swollen lymph nodes.
Typically, symptoms appear 1 to 3 days after the onset of the fever and are accompanied by characteristic skin changes. These changes initially include fluid-filled blisters that appear on reddened skin and eventually turn into scabs. The skin changes can occur on the face, hands, soles of the feet and other parts of the body.
It is important to note that the risk of infection remains until all the scabs have fallen off. Care must therefore be taken to prevent the spread of Mpox.
Mpox, also known as monkeypox, can pose health risks in some cases. The course of the disease varies, with most infections being mild to moderate. Typical symptoms include feverheadache and aching limbs as well as typical skin rashes. However, serious complications can occur, such as skin infections or inflammation in organs such as the lungs or brain.
Certain risk groups are particularly at risk, including newborns, pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems. In these people, the course of the disease can be more serious and potentially life-threatening. Although the majority of cases progress without serious problems, severe courses and, in rare cases, even fatal outcomes are possible.
It is therefore important to take Mpox seriously and to seek medical advice at an early stage if symptoms occur, especially if you belong to the risk groups.
Several measures are important to prevent Mpox (monkeypox). First of all, strict hygiene measures should be observed when dealing with sick people. This includes regular hand washing and disinfecting surfaces. Close contact with infected persons should be avoided at all costs in order to minimize the risk of infection.
Especially in the context of sexual contact it is advisable to reduce anonymous and risky encounters. It should be noted that condoms do not offer sufficient protection, as the virus can also be transmitted through close skin contact.
For certain risk groups, a vaccination is available that can provide additional protection against Mpox. This vaccination can be particularly important for people who may come into contact with infected persons.
Overall, the combination of hygieneavoiding close contact and the vaccination campaign is crucial for the prevention of Mpox.
If Mpox (monkeypox) is suspected, you should act immediately. Start with a checklist of symptoms: The most common include feversevere fatigue, skin rashes and swollen lymph nodes. If you notice any of these symptoms and have recently had contact with an infected person, it is important to contact a doctor immediately to get clarification.
In the meantime, avoid contact with other people to prevent possible infection. This also includes family members. Hygiene practices play a crucial role: wash your hands regularly and use hand sanitizer. hand sanitizerespecially after contact with contaminated surfaces.
Remember that early diagnosis and isolation are crucial to minimize the spread of Mpox. do not hesitate to seek medical advice and follow your doctor's instructions on how to proceed.
If you have been in contact with a person with Mpox (monkeypox), several measures are necessary. Avoid close contact with other people to prevent the possible spread of the virus. Contact the health hotline 1450 immediately to obtain further information and follow instructions.
Pay particular attention to hygieneby washing your hands regularly and avoiding contact with surfaces that may be contaminated. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP vaccination) can be given within 14 days of contact, which can reduce the risk of contracting the disease. It is important that you report all contact persons so that the health authorities can take appropriate measures.
If you have symptoms such as skin rash, fever or headache, do not hesitate to consult a doctor. Note that isolation may also be recommended to protect yourself and others. Your health and that of the community come first.
If Mpox (monkeypox) is confirmed, the following steps are necessary: First, affected individuals must go into seclusion to prevent the spread of the virus. This means that they must avoid any physical contact with other people until all skin lesions have healed.
In addition, those affected are obliged to inform the health authorities about their illness and to disclose all contact persons. This serves the purpose of tracing and protecting others.
If the state of health deteriorates, urgent medical care is required. This includes contacting a doctor or the public health department to discuss further measures or treatment. Early treatment can minimize complications and aid the healing process. It is important to follow all instructions from health authorities and medical professionals to ensure a safe recovery.
There are several important steps to follow after the end of official isolation due to Mpox. First, it is crucial that all skin lesions are completely healed before ending isolation. This precautionary measure not only protects your health, but also prevents the virus from spreading further.
Following isolation, used living spaces should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. Use the recommended disinfectantsto ensure maximum hygiene to ensure maximum hygiene. Pay particular attention to surfaces that are frequently touched.
For the next 12 weeks, it is important to practice protected sex. This will help to further minimize the risk of possible transmission. In addition, strictly adhere to hygiene rules and avoid contact with people who are potentially at risk in order to protect their health.
By consistently following these measures, you are actively helping to contain the spread of Mpox and protect both your own health and the health of others.
In Austria, people can get vaccinated against Mpox (monkeypox) by contacting local health authorities or vaccination centers. Healthcare professionals and people at increased risk, such as close contacts of infected persons or members of risk groups, should particularly urge vaccination.
The time window for vaccination is important: ideally, vaccination should take place within 4 days of contact with an infected person to ensure the best protection.
There are two approved vaccines against Mpox: Imvanex® and Jynneos®. Both vaccines offer protection, but differ in their application and dosage.
Basic immunization is essential, especially for risk groups such as medical personnel, people with weakened immune systems and people living in communal facilities. It is recommended to take vaccination seriously to prevent the spread of Mpox and increase individual protection.
If you would like to be vaccinated against Mpox, please contact your local health authorities. They are responsible for carrying out and organizing the vaccinations. In particular, people who are considered to be contacts of infected persons or at-risk patients should urgently contact their local health authority.
These authorities can not only provide you with information on vaccination, but also on where and when the vaccinations are offered. It is important that you make enquiries in good time in such cases to ensure optimum protection.
In addition, health authorities have various sources of information available to help you find vaccination centers in your area. Don't hesitate to use these resources to get more details about vaccination against Mpox. Protect yourself and others by taking all the necessary steps.
If you notice symptoms of Mpox infection, it is important to get tested promptly. If you suspect you have Mpox, you should definitely seek medical advice. Many general practitioners and specialized infection clinics offer testing options. Please note that in most cases it is necessary to make an appointment by telephone in advance to avoid further transmission and to take the necessary precautions.
The doctor will then explain the next steps for diagnosis. This may include a test for Mpox and a detailed examination of your symptoms. Do not hesitate to make an appointment immediately if you show signs of infection to ensure a quick analysis and the necessary treatment. Remember, early contact with a doctor can be crucial to your health and the health of others.
Mpox, also known as monkeypox, is an infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus. This zoonotic disease was first identified in the 1970s and occurs mainly in Central and West Africa. Recently, however, interest in Mpox has increased due to an increase in cases outside these regions. To obtain sound information about Mpox, it is important to consult trustworthy sources. Official health organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), provide detailed information on symptoms, transmission routes, prevention measures and treatment options. In addition, local health authorities and medical professionals can provide valuable advice and up-to-date data on the situation in your area. The following headings outline specific points of contact and resources to help you better understand and stay informed about Mpox.
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, has also affected Germany since its spread in an international context in May 2022. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public health emergency related to Mpox in August 2024 to highlight the ongoing challenges and the need for a global response.
In Germany, the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) is monitoring the situation closely. However, the RKI does not currently see any increased risk from clade I viruses that could play a role in this context. Despite this assessment, the RKI remains vigilant in order to be able to react quickly to possible changes in the epidemiological situation.
The health authorities are continuing to work on education and prevention in order to prevent further spread and inform the population. Awareness of Mpox is crucial in order to take effective measures and protect public health.
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral infection that has recently attracted attention in Germany, particularly in relation to clade IIb. According to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), several hundred cases have been reported since its first appearance in 2022, with transmission mainly through close skin contact, sexual encounters and the sharing of contaminated clothing.
Various vaccines are available in Germany, including Imvanex, which is recommended for preventive vaccination against Mpox, especially for high-risk groups. The RKI plays a central role in monitoring cases and assessing the risk to the population in order to make targeted recommendations and protect public health.
Preventive measures are recommended to avoid infection, such as avoiding close contact with infected people, wearing protective clothing during potentially exposed activities and vaccinating at-risk groups. It is important to stay informed about Mpox and take appropriate precautions.
Currently, the situation of clade I Mpox infections in Africa, especially in the Democratic Republic of Congo, is worrying. The European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has been monitoring the situation closely and considers the risk of spread to Europe to be increased. No Mpox clade I cases have been detected in Germany to date. The Robert Koch Institute (RKI) is monitoring the situation closely and provides regular updates on possible developments.
It is important to emphasize that the available vaccines should also be effective against clade I, which is an important protective factor for the population. Surveillance and appropriate vaccination measures could reduce the spread of the disease in Europe. However, the situation requires continued vigilance and a willingness to react quickly in order to detect and contain potential outbreaks at an early stage.
The monkeypox virus belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus and is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus. It is closely related to the classic smallpox viruses that were once responsible for worldwide epidemics.
The monkeypox virus is transmitted both from animals to humans and between humans. The primary sources are rodents and monkeys, which carry the virus in the wild. Infection can occur through direct contact with infected animals, their body fluids or skin lesions. Human contact is also one of the transmission routes: Infection often occurs through close skin contact with an infected person or through the exchange of body fluids, as in the case of sexual activities.
The monkeypox virus is relatively resistant to environmental influences, but can only be transmitted effectively under conditions of close contact. Physical proximity and direct interaction play a crucial role here. Understanding these transmission routes is essential to prevent infection and control the spread of the virus.
Mpox, also known as monkeypox, occurs mainly in Central Africa and West Africa. In these regions, sporadic human infections are observed, often in rural areas where contact with infected animals such as rodents and monkeys is more common. Transmission initially occurs from animal to human, typically through direct contact with the blood, body fluids or tissue of infected animals. The virus can also be transmitted from person to person, mainly through close physical contact, such as touching skin lesions or sharing personal items.
The Mpox virus shows impressive resilience: it remains infectious even at high temperatures and under dry conditions. Since 2022, vaccines against Mpox have been available in Austria for at-risk groups to prevent the spread of the disease. Vaccine availability is an important step towards containing outbreaks and protecting people at risk in the affected regions.
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, has a complex reservoir of pathogens. In African endemic areas, squirrels and rodents play the main role as reservoirs. These animals are carriers of the pathogen and contribute to the maintenance and spread of the virus in nature. Although monkeys and humans are considered false hosts, they can also become infected, often developing symptoms similar to those of the host species.
Since the international outbreak in May 2022, health authorities have observed ongoing human-to-human transmission. This transmission usually occurs through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces. Understanding the reservoirs and transmission routes is crucial to fight infections and prevent future outbreaks.
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral infection that can be transmitted in several ways. The route of infection includes direct contact with secretions from infected individuals as well as droplet infection, which can occur with the coughing or sneezing occurs when coughing or sneezing. Infected animals, especially rodents or primates, can also be a source of infection if humans come into contact with their blood, saliva or body fluids.
Particular caution is required as human-to-human transmission is possible with close contact. This applies in particular to household members and care staff. In addition, the handling of infectious deceased persons requires specific regulations to prevent further spread.
A careful individual risk assessment is crucial to minimize the risk of infection. Potential sources of contact, such as infected animals and close contact with other people, should be considered in order to take appropriate protective measures.
The incubation period of Mpox is between 5 and 21 days, which means that symptoms can appear within this period after infection. Various factors can influence this period, including the individual's immune system, the viral load at the time of exposure and the person's previous illnesses.
Knowing the incubation period is crucial for the diagnosis of Mpox. A longer period could lead to patients not noticing the infection immediately and therefore not seeking immediate medical attention. This delays treatment and possible measures to contain the spread of the virus. Therefore, rapid recognition of symptoms and consideration of the incubation period is important for more effective treatment and control of epidemics. Having the right information about the incubation period helps doctors make informed decisions about testing and therapeutic interventions.
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral disease that has been the subject of increased media and public discussion in recent years. The virus belongs to the smallpox family of viruses and can cause infections in both animals and humans. One of the central questions in connection with Mpox is how the virus is transmitted. This concerns not only the investigation of outbreaks, but also the prevention strategies that are being developed to control the spread and protect the population. In the following section, the different transmission routes of the Mpox virus are highlighted in order to create a better understanding of this disease and minimize potential risks.
Mpox, also known as monkeypox, is a viral infection whose incubation period varies between 1 and 21 days. The most common symptoms include fever, swollen lymph nodes and characteristic skin changes. The latter typically occur on the face, palms and soles of the feet and can correlate with the severity of the disease.
The skin lesions often begin as flat macules, which can develop into pustules and cause painful ulceration. These complications can pose additional risks, such as bacterial superinfections, which further complicate recovery.
Careful monitoring and treatment are important, as the severity of symptoms and skin changes can have a direct impact on the course of the disease. Mpox therefore remains a serious disease with potential health consequences.
In order to prevent the transmission of Mpox (monkeypox), comprehensive hygiene measures are required. Gloves, protective goggles and respiratory masks should always be worn when dealing with infected persons to prevent direct contact and minimize the risk of infection.
The hand hygiene plays a decisive role - regular and thorough hand washing with soap or the use of disinfectant are essential to neutralize potential virus carriers. Equally important is the right disinfection of surfaces and laundry in healthcare facilities, as the virus can survive on surfaces.
In addition, it is crucial to avoid close contact with infected people and animals. Infection control is the top priority to prevent the spread of Mpox. By consistently implementing these hygiene measures the risk of infection can be significantly reduced.
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for asymptomatic individuals aged 18 years and older is crucial to reduce the risk of Mpox infection after possible exposure. Vaccination with the smallpox vaccine should ideally take place within 14 days of exposure to ensure maximum efficacy.
In addition to vaccination, strict hygiene measures are of great importance when dealing with infected persons. These include regular hand washing, wearing protective equipment and careful hygiene. disinfection of surfaces to minimize the transmission of the virus.
In times of localized outbreaks, lockdown vaccination may also be considered to reduce the risk of infection in the affected community. The smallpox vaccine can also be used off-label in children if recommended by health authorities.
The combination of these strategies - PEP, hygiene measures and lockdown vaccination - is crucial for controlling Mpox outbreaks and protecting vulnerable groups.
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, has a positive prognosis for most people with the disease. The prognosis is generally good, as the symptoms often disappear on their own within a few weeks without specific treatment. Nevertheless, there are risk groups, such as people with a weakened immune system or certain pre-existing conditions, who are exposed to a more severe course.
Possible complications include encephalitis or corneal damage, which can occur particularly in these risk groups. It is therefore important to recognize and monitor the disease at an early stage.
Mpox is particularly contagious during the acute phase of symptoms, although viral shedding does not usually last for a long period of time. Early isolation of sick people can reduce the spread of the virus and protect vulnerable people from possible infection.
The spread of monkeypox (Mpox) in humans began with the first documented case in the Congo in 1970. In the following decades, sporadic cases occurred in West and Central Africa, where the disease was particularly prevalent in rural areas. A notable incident occurred in the USA in 2003, when the first non-imported case was documented that could be traced back to contact with infected animals. In addition, cases were confirmed in Israel in 2018, which were brought in by travelers from Nigeria.
The diagnosis of monkeypox is challenging as the symptoms often resemble those of other diseases, which can lead to misdiagnosis. Clinical presentation can vary, and in early stages the differences from chickenpox or other viral diseases are difficult to recognize. These uncertainties underscore the need for better diagnostic tools and increased awareness of Mpox to more effectively control its spread.
Source: istockphoto Marina Demidiuk
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