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Psychische Erkrankungen bei Kindern und wie du sie erkennst

Mental illnesses in children and how to recognize them

Overview of mental illness in children

Mental illness in children and young people can take various forms and are serious problems that can affect their health and well-being. The most common mental illnesses include anxiety disorders, depression, Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and eating disorders.

There are various signs that can be used to recognize mental illness in children and adolescents. These include emotional changes such as frequent mood swings, signs of anxiety or sadness, reduced motivation or loss of interest. Other signs may include physical complaints such as stomach or headaches, sleep disorders or changes in appetite. Social withdrawal, problems at school or behavioral problems can also be an indication of a mental illness.

Treatment options for mental illness in children and adolescents include a combination of psychotherapy, medication and supportive measures. Psychotherapy can take the form of individual or group therapy and aims to alleviate symptoms and teach coping strategies. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to treat specific symptoms. In addition, supportive measures such as family interventions, school education and support, and parent training can help to promote the child or young person's recovery and general well-being.

Overall, it is important to recognize mental illness in children early and provide appropriate support and treatment. Early intervention can help children and young people develop healthy coping strategies and achieve positive mental wellbeing.

Signs and symptoms of mental illness in children

Mental illness in children can often be overlooked or dismissed as normal behavior. However, it is important to recognize these signs and symptoms early in order to provide appropriate help and support. Mental illness in children often manifests itself through behavioral problems, emotional instability or physical complaints. For example, a child with a mental illness may have increased anxiety withdrawn or socially isolated. It can also show conspicuous mood swings, outbursts of anger or aggression. show aggression. Physical symptoms such as headaches, abdominal pain or sleep disorders can also be signs of an underlying mental illness. It is important to take these signs seriously and to clarify them together with a specialist in order to enable an appropriate diagnosis and subsequent treatment. Early intervention can help to ensure that affected children are well supported and can develop better coping strategies in the long term. With targeted support, children with mental illness can develop positively and lead a fulfilling life.

Behavioral changes

Mental illness in children can lead to a variety of behavioral changes that are specific to each disorder. Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by poor social interaction, communication difficulties, and stereotypical behavior patterns. Children with autism may have difficulty making eye contact, understanding non-verbal cues or expressing their emotions.

ADHD is a disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity and attention problems is characterized. Children with ADHD may have difficulty sitting still, concentrating or following instructions. They may also be easily distracted and have problems controlling their impulses.

Tourette's syndrome is a disorder associated with involuntary and repetitive tics. Children with Tourette's may make twitching movements or involuntary sounds. These tics can vary in severity and frequency, and the symptoms can change over time.

Social behavior disorder refers to patterns of behavior that violate basic social norms. Children with social behavior disorder may aggressive behavior show aggressive behavior, commit theft or hurt other people. They may have difficulty showing empathy or remorse and tend to ignore social rules.

These different behavioral disorders affect children's behavior in different ways. Understanding the typical symptoms and behaviors of each disorder is important in order to provide appropriate support and treatment.

Emotional changes

Emotional changes during childhood and adolescence are a normal part of a child's development. During this time, children develop new emotions and learn to cope with different situations. For example, children may show signs of mood swings, irritability and increased sensitivity during this phase. These emotional changes are usually temporary and part of the maturation process.

However, these changes can also be symptoms of mental illness. Some children may have persistent negative moods, excessive anxiety or have difficulty forming relationships. These symptoms may indicate more serious problems, such as depression, anxiety or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Possible symptoms of mental illness in children can be: Behavioral changes such as aggression or withdrawal, sudden changes in school performance, sleep disturbancessevere malaise, changes in appetite control or physical pain with no apparent cause.

Changes in alertness and reactions in children can affect the child's functioning. Children with mental illness may find it difficult to behave appropriately in social situations, which in turn can lead to difficulties at school or in developing friendships.

It is important to understand that emotional changes during childhood and adolescence are normal, but can also be signs of mental illness. Parents and caregivers should be alert to changes in their children's behavior and mood and seek professional help if they are concerned. Early intervention and treatment can help improve children's mental health and support their development.

Physical symptoms

Mental illness in children can manifest itself physically in a number of ways. One common physical symptom is back pain. Children may complain of regular back pain without a clear physical cause being found. This pain can be triggered by psychological strain and stressful situations.

Mood swings are another physical symptom. Children with mental illnesses can suddenly change their mood for no apparent reason. For example, they can change from happy to sad or angry. These mood swings can become noticeable in everyday life through sudden outbursts, tears or persistent sadness.

Physical complaints such as headaches- or abdominal pain can also indicate mental illness in children. These complaints can occur repeatedly even though no physical cause is found. A child with mental illness may also have physical symptoms such as fatigue, sleep disorders or loss of appetite.

Another physical symptom that can occur with mental illness is emotional blunting. Children can lose feelings such as joy, interest or empathy. They appear apathetic, disinterested and show no reaction to situations that would normally provoke an emotional response.

Overall, physical symptoms in children can indicate mental illnesses that require careful observation and timely professional support to address and help them appropriately.

Changes in school performance

in children and adolescents in connection with psychologically stressful situations.

Mental illness can have a significant impact on the academic performance of children and adolescents. Psychological stress situations are often accompanied by changes in behavior and school performance.

One frequent change is a decline in school performance. Children and adolescents who are under psychological stress or pressure may have difficulty concentrating on lessons and retaining information. They may have problems solving complex tasks or learning new content. In addition, emotional stress can lead to tiredness and exhaustion, which can have a negative impact on attention and performance.

The effects of these changes on learning and concentration are clear. Children and young people can have difficulty following lessons and mastering the subject matter. They can be easily distracted and find it difficult to organize their thoughts and concentrate for long periods of time. This can lead to other problems, such as missing important information or falling behind in certain subjects.

At this point, it becomes clear that support and additional resources are needed for affected children and young people. Specialist educational staff and close cooperation with psychologists and therapists can help to identify individual needs and take appropriate measures. Additional support measures or adjustments to the learning environment can help to improve the learning situation for the children and young people concerned and support their academic performance.

It is important to raise awareness of the effects of psychological stress situations on the academic performance of children and young people. This is the only way to provide adequate support and resources to meet their individual needs and enable them to develop appropriately at school.

Common mental illnesses in children

In recent years, the perception and awareness of mental illness in children has risen sharply. More and more children are suffering from mental health problems, which can manifest themselves in various forms and degrees of severity. Common mental illnesses in children include anxiety disorders, depression, Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)autism spectrum disorders, eating disorders and behavioral disorders. These disorders can have a significant impact on the lives of affected children and have long-term effects on their physical and emotional health. The causes of mental illness in children are varied and can include genetic, social and environmental factors. It is important that these conditions are identified and treated early in order to provide the best possible support and intervention for children. By taking a holistic approach that considers medical, therapeutic and social aspects, children with mental illness can learn to manage their symptoms and lead healthy, fulfilling lives.

Anxiety disorders

Mental illness in children is an important issue that is receiving more and more attention in today's society. A common form of mental illness in children are anxiety disorders. These can occur in various forms, especially in childhood and adolescence.

One form of anxiety disorder in children are phobic fears. These are exaggerated and inappropriate fears. fears of certain objects or situations. Examples of this are fear of spiders, heights or animals. Another form of anxiety disorder is the separation anxietywhere children have great anxiety of being separated from their caregivers. This manifests itself through crying or anxietywhen parents leave the child alone. The school anxiety is another form of anxiety disorder in children. Here the children have great fear of school, be it because of the pressure to perform, social fears or bullying.

These fears can have various triggers. Some fears can be genetic or caused by traumatic experiences. Excessive stress or family conflicts can also anxiety disorders can also promote anxiety disorders. The symptoms of these fears can manifest themselves through physical or psychological complaints. Examples of this are stomach- or headache, Sleep problemsirritability or withdrawal.

The most common fears in children and adolescents include those already mentioned phobic fears, separation anxiety and School anxietybut also social anxiety disorders, panic disorders and Generalized anxiety disorders.

Overall, it is important to take mental illness in children seriously and recognize it early on. Appropriate treatment and support can help affected children to cope better with their anxieties and lead a healthy life.

Mental illness in children: Definition

Mental illness in children is a widespread and often underestimated problem. They are often dismissed as normal developmental difficulties or not even recognized. However, mental illnesses in children are just as real and in need of treatment as physical illnesses. But what exactly are mental illnesses in children? Mental illness includes a variety of disorders that can affect thinking, feeling and behavior. In children, these disorders can manifest themselves in different ways, for example through anxiety, depressioneating disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorders. These mental illnesses can severely affect the lives of affected children and their families and have a negative impact on their educational and social development. It is therefore very important to recognize mental illnesses in children at an early stage and treat them appropriately in order to offer the affected children the best possible help and support.

Frequency

Mental illness in children and adolescents has become an increasingly serious problem in recent years. According to data from the KiGGS study wave 2 from 2014 to 2017, mental health problems are relatively common in children and adolescents. Around 20% of children between the ages of 3 and 17 show such abnormalities.

It is particularly interesting to note that boys are more frequently affected by mental illness than girls. This can be seen, for example, in behavioral problems or hyperactivity. Girls, on the other hand, are more likely to suffer from internal disorders such as anxiety disorders or depressive symptoms occur more frequently.

Another important factor that influences the frequency of mental health problems in children and adolescents is the socio-economic status of the family. Children from families with a low socio-economic status are at an increased risk of developing mental health problems. This can be due to various factors such as financial burdens, housing insecurity or lower parental education.

Overall, the data from the KiGGS study makes it clear that mental health problems are not uncommon among children and adolescents in Germany. It is therefore of great importance that attention is drawn to the early detection and treatment of these disorders in order to give the children affected the best possible development and future opportunities.

Forms of mental illness: Age and gender differences

Mental illness in children can manifest itself in various forms, with age and gender differences playing a role.

One example of a mental disorder in young children is separation anxiety disorderwhere children experience great anxiety of separation from caregivers. In older children, disorders such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more common. Girls tend to be more withdrawn and anxious symptoms while boys are more likely to aggressive behavior behavior.

In adolescence, mental illnesses such as depression more frequently. Girls are more frequently affected than boys. Eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia also occur more frequently in this age group, with girls showing a higher prevalence.

It is important to note that mental illnesses in children and adolescents can involve both genetic and environmental factors. Early and targeted intervention and appropriate treatment are crucial to minimize long-term effects and improve the quality of life of affected children.

Medical history

The medical history is an important part of taking the medical history of a child with mental illness. In this section, various important pieces of information are asked in order to obtain a comprehensive picture of the child's situation.

At the beginning, questions are asked about any mental abnormalities that have occurred in the child. These can be, for example anxietymood swings or behavioral problems. It is important to obtain precise information in order to better assess the symptoms and possible mental illnesses.

In addition, problems that the child is facing are also asked about. These can be school, family or social problems. It is important to know what specific challenges the child has to overcome in order to provide appropriate support.

Another important aspect of the medical history is possible triggers for the child's mental health problems. Family conflicts, traumatic experiences or stressful situations that may have led to the current symptoms can be mentioned here.

Last but not least, the importance of the family environment is taken into account in the medical history. Information about the family situation, parental support and any stresses and strains are asked here. The family environment plays an important role in the development and management of mental illness in children.

Behavioral observation

The behavioral observation method is a way for parents to observe and record their child's eating or playing behavior over a certain period of time. This serves to identify possible behavioral disorders and record them more precisely. A specialist doctor often recommends this method in order to better understand the child's behavior.

Behavioral observation involves observing and documenting the child's behavior in various situations. For example, parents can take notes or keep a diary. For example, they observe how the child eats or plays, how it behaves and how it reacts to various stimuli or tasks.

Behavioral observation enables the specialist to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the child's behavior. Possible behavioral disorders can be identified and treated. Through precise observation and documentation, possible correlations between the child's behavior and other factors such as stress or anxiety can be recognized.

The behavioral observation method is an important measure for the early detection and appropriate treatment of mental illness in children. It enables parents and specialists to better understand the child's behavior and respond to the child's needs in a targeted manner.

Medical examinations

in children to rule out physical illnesses as the cause of mental disorders.

Various medical examinations are carried out to rule out physical illnesses as a possible cause of mental disorders in children. A blood test is an important method for identifying possible physical causes of mental disorders. For example, deficiencies, hormonal disorders or inflammatory reactions that can affect the brain and psyche can be detected.

Neurological examinations also play a decisive role. These can be carried out using an electroencephalogram (EEG), for example, in order to diagnose possible epilepsy or other neurological disorders. Imaging procedures such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can also be helpful in detecting structural abnormalities in the brain that may be associated with mental disorders.

In addition to the examination methods mentioned, behavioral observations are also of great importance. By observing the child's behavior in various situations, possible abnormalities that indicate a mental illness can be identified. These observations can be supplemented by questionnaires or diary entries in order to obtain a comprehensive picture.

Psychological tests are also frequently carried out to diagnose possible mental illnesses in children. Such tests make it possible to record the child's cognitive abilities, emotional experience and behavior more precisely. For example, intelligence tests, personality questionnaires or specific behavioral assessments can be used.

Overall, medical examinations such as blood tests, neurological examinations, behavioral observations and psychological tests are essential in order to rule out physical illnesses as a possible cause of mental disorders in children. Comprehensive diagnostics can then be used to develop targeted therapeutic approaches in order to offer the affected children the best possible support.

Psychological tests

Mental illness in children is an important topic. Psychological tests are used to assess various aspects of a child's developmental status. These tests are used to assess children's language, mental, motor, reading, spelling and arithmetic skills. They can also examine personality traits and abnormalities.

A well-known test for measuring a child's level of development is the WPPSI (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence). This test measures the child's general intellectual abilities. Another test is the PEP-R (Psychomotor Development Test for Children). This test examines children's motor skills and visuomotor coordination.

In addition to these tests, there are other examination methods such as behavioral observations, medical examinations and other psychological tests. Behavioral observations are used to examine the child's behavior in everyday life and in specific situations. Medical examinations are important in order to rule out physical causes for possible psychological problems.

Overall, psychological tests and other examination methods provide important information about the child's level of development and possible abnormalities. They provide an important basis for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of mental illness in children.

Other mental illnesses in children

Other mental illnesses in children that will be discussed in the next section are attachment disorders, speech disorders and tic disorders.

Attachment disorders are characterized by difficulties in developing a secure attachment to a caregiver. Children with attachment disorders often have trust issues and difficulties engaging with other people. Early recognition of this disorder is important in order to prevent long-term negative effects on the child's development. Treatment usually consists of intensive support from experienced professionals who help the child to develop a secure attachment.

Speech disorders, such as stuttering, slurred speech or delays in speech development, have a significant impact on children's ability to communicate. Early detection is crucial in order to initiate appropriate therapy. The treatment of speech disorders usually involves speech therapy measures in which the child is supported through games and exercises to improve their language skills.

Tic disorders often manifest themselves in uncontrollable movements or vocalizations, such as eye twitching or coughing. The exact cause of tic disorders is not yet fully understood, but stress and genetic factors may play a role. The treatment of tic disorders usually involves various therapeutic approaches, such as behavioral therapy or medication, to alleviate the symptoms and improve the child's quality of life.

Timely recognition and adequate treatment of mental illness in children are of great importance. Professional support can help affected children to develop optimally and stabilize their lifestyle.

Mental illness in children: Therapy

Mental illnesses can affect not only adults, but also children. In recent decades, the number of children with mental disorders has increased significantly. These disorders can manifest themselves in various ways, for example through anxiety, depressionobsessive compulsive disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The early detection and treatment of such mental disorders is of great importance in order to avoid long-term negative effects on the child's development. Various therapeutic approaches are used in the treatment of mental disorders in children. Some of these therapeutic options are explained in more detail below.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of mental illness in children and adolescents. Targeted therapeutic interventions aim to alleviate symptoms and improve mental health.

There are various psychotherapeutic approaches that can contribute to treatment. One of these is cognitive behavioral therapy, in which negative thoughts and behavioral patterns are identified and changed. This enables children and young people to learn to deal with their fears, depression or other mental illnesses. Another method is family therapy, in which the family is also involved in the therapy process. The therapy is designed to help resolve family conflicts and improve communication within the family. This can be particularly important for children, as family support plays a major role in coping with mental illness.

Mental illnesses in children and adolescents can have various causes. Psychological causes include traumatic experiences such as abuse or neglect, genetic predispositions, emotional stress or difficult life events such as parental divorce. Risk factors such as social isolation, low self-esteem or an unfavorable family environment can also increase the risk of mental illness in children and adolescents.

Overall, psychotherapy is an important approach to treating mental illness in children and adolescents. Various therapeutic approaches can alleviate symptoms and improve mental health. However, it is also important to consider the psychological causes and risk factors to ensure effective treatment.

Drug treatment

There is an increasing focus on mental illness in children. Drug treatment can be an important part of the therapy concept. For various psychiatric illnesses such as ADHD, depressionschizophrenia and tics, different medications are used.

ADHD is often treated with stimulants that stimulate the central nervous system and thus improve attention and concentration. With depression selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can be used to regulate serotonin levels in the brain and improve mood. For schizophrenia, doctors prescribe antipsychotic medication that can alleviate symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. For tics, neuroleptics can be used to control the impulses that lead to the involuntary movements.

The selection and dosage of medication is individualized, depending on the severity of the symptoms and previous treatment experience. It is important to make an accurate diagnosis and regularly review the course of treatment. Some children may need a combination of different medications to control their symptoms.

Neuroleptics have various uses in psychiatry and can also be used in children. They can help to alleviate psychosis, aggression and promote emotional stability. Drug treatment can make an important contribution to improving the quality of life in children with mental illnesses.

Accompanying measures

Support measures play a crucial role in coping with mental illness in children. Youth and family support is an important resource for offering support to children and their families. This can take the form of counseling sessions, psychosocial support and referral to appropriate therapeutic measures. Through this form of support, families can learn how to better cope with the challenges and support each other.

Support services to improve reading or language skills are also important. Children with mental illness can have difficulties in their school development, and learning difficulties are common. These services can be tailored specifically to the child's individual needs in order to strengthen their abilities and support them in their school career.

Occupational therapy can also be used to help mentally ill children. Targeted activities and therapeutic exercises can promote physical and mental development and boost self-confidence. Occupational therapists can help children to better regulate their emotions and improve their skills in everyday activities.

It is important to note that the accompanying measures may vary depending on the individual case. Children have different needs and it is important that the measures are tailored to them individually. Therefore, a holistic approach is crucial to ensure the best possible support and help for mentally ill children.

How can I help my child?

Mental illness in children can be a major challenge for parents. However, there are various ways in which parents can help their child to cope with the illness and support positive development.

The first step is to accept and appreciate the child for who they are. It is important that parents love their child unconditionally and convey to them that it is okay to be the way they are. This understanding can help the child to build self-confidence and self-esteem.

Parents should also inform the child's social environment about the illness. Teachers, educators and other caregivers can then better understand how they can support the child. Open communication with the child's environment is therefore essential.

Active support during therapy is also of great importance. Parents should engage intensively with the treatment, attend appointments and, if necessary, support exercises at home. It is important to be patient and give the child time to make their own progress.

Another important aspect is emotional contact. Parents should regularly talk to their child about their feelings and build a trusting relationship. By encouraging and reinforcing the child, parents can promote the child's self-confidence and inner strength.

In the case of mental illness, it is also advisable to seek professional help from an experienced child and adolescent psychiatrist or psychologist. These experts can make an accurate diagnosis and recommend an individual therapy that is tailored to the child's needs.

In summary, it is important that parents accept their child, accompany the therapy, maintain emotional contact, encourage the child and seek professional help. Through this support, parents can help their child to cope better with their mental illness and develop positively.

How do you recognize that something is wrong?

Mental illness in children can manifest itself in different ways. It is important to recognize the signs that something is wrong. A change in behavior is often a clear warning sign. Children who are normally outgoing and active suddenly withdraw. They seem sad and have no interest in activities that they usually enjoy. They appear passive and disinterested.

Mood swings can be another warning sign. The child is suddenly irritable and often reacts hypersensitively to small things. Sleep disorders or eating problems may also occur. The child sleeps poorly or eats either too much or too little.

Changes in social behavior should also be noted. The child withdraws from friends and family members and avoids social contact. They may feel uncomfortable in groups and have difficulty engaging with others.

Parents, teachers and other caregivers should pay attention to such changes and take them seriously. It is important that the child receives support and seeks professional help. Mental illness in children can have serious consequences, but with timely support and treatment, the child can be put back on a healthy path.

When should parents seek psychotherapeutic help for their child?

Parents should seek psychotherapeutic help for their child if they exhibit mental abnormalities that interfere with normal functioning. This could be manifested, for example, by persistent anxiety, depression, aggressive behavioreating disorders or sleep problems manifest themselves. It is important to take these signs seriously and seek professional support at an early stage, as mental illness in children can often become chronic if left untreated.

The background information emphasizes that mental illness in children is widespread and can have a serious impact on their development. It also points out that early treatment increases the chances of a successful recovery. Multimodal therapy that combines different approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy and medication, can be helpful. In some cases, inpatient treatment may also be necessary if the child is acutely at risk or in need.

In summary, parents should seek psychotherapeutic help for their child if he or she exhibits psychological abnormalities that interfere with normal functioning. Multimodal therapy, possibly in combination with medication, can be effective. In some cases, inpatient treatment may be necessary.

Where can parents of mentally ill children find competent support?

If parents discover that their child has mental health problems, it is important to find competent support. There are various places they can turn to. Psychologists, child and adolescent psychotherapists, child and adolescent psychiatrists and pediatricians are specialists who are familiar with the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness in children. GPs can also be helpful in finding support.

Tip: Dr. Nicola Pehböck-Walser, who specializes in mental disorders in children, works as a clinical health psychologist and behavioural therapist. To arrange an appointment or an initial consultation, please visit her website www.psychologin.cc.

Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics offer another option. Specialist doctors and therapists work there who specialize in the care of children with mental illnesses. They offer various therapeutic measures, such as talk therapy, behavioral therapy or play therapy. Which therapy is the right one depends on the type of mental illness and the individual needs of the child.

It is also important that teachers, educators and others in the childcare sector seek discussions with parents if they suspect mental health problems. Together they can provide the child with the best possible support and, if necessary, seek professional advice and therapy. However, parents should be aware that they are not alone and that there is competent support available to help their child with mental illness.

Source: istockphoto fizkes

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